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Gravity Separation Beneficiation

Gravity separation is a selection process which is selecting the materials according to the differences in the proportion of mineral raw material particles, in a certain medium or media stream (mainly water). Gravity separation is a mineral processing method with a long history, people of the Han Dynasty in China had known to deal the tin ore with gravity separation method. As the gravity separation method is simple, low cost, and increasingly well developed, so the gravity separation is still a major beneficiation of tungsten tin ore and coal ore. In some non-ferrous metals, ferrous metals, precious metals and non-metallic ore sorting, gravity separation has also been widely used. Gravity separation is indispensable in almost all concentrator operations of sorting materials by particle size (such as grading, dehydration, etc.)
Gravity is one of the main mineral beneficiation methods. It is a process based on a variety of minerals of different density or particle size, by a variety of fluid power and the role of mechanical force, resulting in a appropriate condition with loose hierarchy and separation, thus gain the product of different densities or different size. Clearly particle and shape of the mineral will affect the accuracy of sorting process which according to density. As the different density or particle size of mixed mineral particles , the velocity in the moving medium (water, heavy media density greater than water and air, etc.) is different , as well as the mobile degrees. Gravity selection process is to use this difference to achieve the separation of minerals.

The forms of mineral particles exercise in the medium are:

(1) gravity vertical settlement;
(2) movement within the slope water;
(3) separate by the vibration and shaking;
(4)fine-grained and the moving media drill through the gap around the particles move to the bottom.
When dealing mineral raw materials with gravity separation method, generally the first step is using of screening or water grading methods, according to size to divided the materials into several levels, then selected by the gravity separation equipment which is suitable for the level of granularity for the material, thus constitute a sub-level selected process. Coal is usually not graded and selected directly.
There are many types of gravity separation process, according to the different of role of theory and use of equipment ,the gravity separation process is divided into: heavy media selection, jig selection, shaking election, chute election, centrifugal election and other processes. We should select different gravity separation process according to the nature of the ore and requirements of the product.

Other Beneficiation Methods

Cyanidation
Electrostatic Beneficiation
Flotation Beneficiation
Magnetic Separation
Roasting
Wet Separation